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WCAG 2.1

1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence

Level A success criterion

When the sequence of content affects meaning, the correct reading sequence can be programmatically determined.

Why it matters

Screen readers follow DOM order, not visual order. If visual layout differs from code order, users may receive information in a confusing sequence.

Common violations

  • CSS that reorders content visually but not in DOM
  • Flexbox or Grid with order property creating mismatch
  • Multi-column layouts where reading order is unclear
  • Sidebars that appear before main content in DOM

Code examples

Bad

<div style="order: 2">Read first</div>
<div style="order: 1">Read second</div>

Good

<div>Read first</div>
<div>Read second</div>

How to fix

Ensure DOM order matches the intended reading sequence. Avoid using CSS order or positioning to create a different visual sequence than the code order.

Related criteria

Related resources

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