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WCAG 2.1

3.3.2 Labels or Instructions

Level A success criterion

Provide clear labels or instructions when user input is required.

Why it matters

Users need guidance to complete forms accurately, especially those using assistive tech.

Common violations

  • Placeholders used instead of labels
  • Required fields not clearly indicated
  • Ambiguous instructions for complex inputs

Code examples

Bad

<input placeholder="Email">

Good

<label>Email</label><input type="email">

How to fix

Provide persistent labels, indicate required fields, and add helper text for complex inputs.

Related criteria

Related resources

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